India reports the highest global snakebite mortality, with an annual average of 58,000 deaths. Most snakebites occur in rural and peri-urban areas, where knowledge of snakebite first aid is limited, and treatment is often sought from traditional healers. As a result, victims are frequently deprived of the immediate medical attention necessary for recovery and preventing death.

In rural West Bengal, the high incidence of snakebite-induced fatalities and disabilities has diminished people’s tolerance toward snakes, replacing it with fear. Consequently, fear-driven persecution of snakes occurs at an alarming rate, endangering the conservation of more than 100 species found in the state.

In January 2024, we initiated social surveys to gather information on various aspects related to people’s knowledge of snakes and snakebite management. These surveys utilise semi- structured interviews to assess the current level of community awareness regarding, practices to avert encounters with snakes and incidences of snakebites symptoms of snakebites, first aid protocol and antidote for snakebites and, preferred choice of treatment for snakebites. Additionally, the surveys gather information on people’s awareness of the snakes found in their area, the prevalent response to entry of snakes inside homes as well as their expectations from the outreach programs. In addition to the above, the surveys are helping us forge connections and widen our reach within the community which are vital for effectively implementing our interventions in the subsequent months.